Good Morning Friends,
Today i want to share a topic with you about Typhoid and Paratyphoid, which is highly spreading in these days. I will explain you about How Typhoid and Paratyphoid are spreading, Diagnosis, Treatment and the most important thing 'Prevention'.
Salmonella Typhi lives only in humans. People with typhoid fever carry the bacteria in their bloodstream and gut. In addition, a small number of people, called carriers, recover from typhoid fever but continue to carry the bacteria. Both i'll people and carriers shed salmonella typhi in their farces and urine.
The Bacteria are spread by eating food or drinking water contaminated by faeces or urine of patients and carriers.
Common sources are:
1. Water or Ice
2. Raw vegetable
3. Salads
4. Shellfish
Diagnosis:
Diagnosis is made by growing the bacteria from the blood or bone marrow early in the illness. later in the illness the bacteria can sometimes be grown from urine or a faecal sample or detected using a PCR ( Polymerase chain reaction) test in a pathology laboratory.
Incubation Period:
(Time between becoming infected and developing symptoms)
From 3 days to more than 60 days; Usually
Typhoid - 8 to 14 days
Paratyphoid - 1 to 10 days
Infectious period:
(Time during which an infected person can infect others)
As long as the bacteria are shed in the faeces or urine, usually from the first week of illness until completely recovered. About 10% of untreated typhoid patients will be infectious for 3 months after onset of symptoms and 2 to 5% become permanent carriers. Fewer People with paratyphoid become carriers.
Treatment:
Antibiotic treatment is available and is necessary, particularly in severe cases. Antibiotic treatment can reduce carriage (for example, the bacteria is still present in the bowel and the person has no symptoms by can still pass on the infection to others).
People given antibiotics usually begin to feel better within 2 to 3 days and deaths rarely occur. Resistance to available antibiotics is increasing, so it remains important to take care to prevent yourself from being infected.
Prevention:
Cases, household contacts and other contacts will be followed up by National Centre of Disease Control (NCDC). A contact is any person who has been close enough to an infected person to be at risk of having acquired the infection from that person. Exclude people with typhoid or paratyphoid from childcare, Preschool, school and work until approval to return has been given by a doctor or the NCDC.
Commercial Food handlers or those in childcare of health care settings cannot return to work until approval has been given by doctor or the NCDC.
People with typhoid of paratyphoid should not prepare food for others until are free of the disease.
Vaccines are available and are recommended for travelers to certain areas. These vaccines are not completely effective, so it is still important to take care with food and drinks. See your doctor or a travel medicine expert before you travel fro advice on protecting yourself from typhoid and other disease.
when travelling to areas where typhoid and paratyphoid are common, avoid high risk food and drinks.
Drink only boiled or treated water )with iodine or chlorine tablets) or bottled drinks, with no ice. These measures will also help protect you against other foodborne illnesses.
Always wash your hands after using the toilet and before eating, drinking and smoking. Antibiotic treatment helps to reduce the time a person is infectious.
Thanks you,
Today i want to share a topic with you about Typhoid and Paratyphoid, which is highly spreading in these days. I will explain you about How Typhoid and Paratyphoid are spreading, Diagnosis, Treatment and the most important thing 'Prevention'.
The Bacteria are spread by eating food or drinking water contaminated by faeces or urine of patients and carriers.
Common sources are:
1. Water or Ice
2. Raw vegetable
3. Salads
4. Shellfish
Diagnosis:
Diagnosis is made by growing the bacteria from the blood or bone marrow early in the illness. later in the illness the bacteria can sometimes be grown from urine or a faecal sample or detected using a PCR ( Polymerase chain reaction) test in a pathology laboratory.
Incubation Period:
(Time between becoming infected and developing symptoms)
From 3 days to more than 60 days; Usually
Typhoid - 8 to 14 days
Paratyphoid - 1 to 10 days
Infectious period:
(Time during which an infected person can infect others)
As long as the bacteria are shed in the faeces or urine, usually from the first week of illness until completely recovered. About 10% of untreated typhoid patients will be infectious for 3 months after onset of symptoms and 2 to 5% become permanent carriers. Fewer People with paratyphoid become carriers.
Treatment:
Antibiotic treatment is available and is necessary, particularly in severe cases. Antibiotic treatment can reduce carriage (for example, the bacteria is still present in the bowel and the person has no symptoms by can still pass on the infection to others).
People given antibiotics usually begin to feel better within 2 to 3 days and deaths rarely occur. Resistance to available antibiotics is increasing, so it remains important to take care to prevent yourself from being infected.
Prevention:
Cases, household contacts and other contacts will be followed up by National Centre of Disease Control (NCDC). A contact is any person who has been close enough to an infected person to be at risk of having acquired the infection from that person. Exclude people with typhoid or paratyphoid from childcare, Preschool, school and work until approval to return has been given by a doctor or the NCDC.
Commercial Food handlers or those in childcare of health care settings cannot return to work until approval has been given by doctor or the NCDC.
People with typhoid of paratyphoid should not prepare food for others until are free of the disease.
Vaccines are available and are recommended for travelers to certain areas. These vaccines are not completely effective, so it is still important to take care with food and drinks. See your doctor or a travel medicine expert before you travel fro advice on protecting yourself from typhoid and other disease.
when travelling to areas where typhoid and paratyphoid are common, avoid high risk food and drinks.
Drink only boiled or treated water )with iodine or chlorine tablets) or bottled drinks, with no ice. These measures will also help protect you against other foodborne illnesses.
Always wash your hands after using the toilet and before eating, drinking and smoking. Antibiotic treatment helps to reduce the time a person is infectious.
Thanks you,
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